Liquid metal wheels7/31/2023 ![]() Among all liquid metals, Gallium (Ga) and Ga-based eutectic alloys stand out as one of the best candidates for commonly used liquid metals, mainly because of their excellent properties like nontoxicity and ease of preparation and transport 6, 7. ![]() 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, owing to its good mobility, high electrical conductivity. Liquid metal (LM) has emerged as a special matter and found a wide range of applications, including flexible electronics, soft robots, liquid marbles, nanomedicines, etc. Our findings advance the fundamental understanding of complex fluids’ droplet dynamics and provide insights for fluid control. We reveal that the complete rebound of LM droplets originates from the trapping of a thinly low-viscosity water lubrication film that prevents droplet-solid contact with low viscous dissipation, and the restitution coefficient is modulated by the negative capillary pressure in the lubrication film as a result of the spontaneous spreading of water on the LM droplet. More counterintuitively, the restitution coefficient, defined as the ratio between the droplet velocities after and before impact, increases with water layer thickness. Here, we discover an unusual phenomenon characterized by the complete rebound of LM droplets from the water layer with negligible adhesion. In ambient conditions, LM is susceptible to the coverage of a thin oxide layer, resulting in unwanted adhesion with underlying substrates that undercuts its originally high mobility. Liquid metal (LM) has gained increasing attention for a wide range of applications, such as flexible electronics, soft robots, and chip cooling devices, owing to its low melting temperature, good flexibility, and high electrical and thermal conductivity.
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